Air Pollution Index as a Representation of Negative Externalities in Indonesia's Major Cities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65886/ijde.v1i2.42Keywords:
Green open space, Air pollution index, Motor vehicles, Negative Externalities, Multiple Linear RegressionAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the area of Green Open Space (GOS) and the number of motor vehicles on the Air Pollution Standard Index (APSI) as a form of quantification of negative externalities in major cities in Indonesia. With a quantitative approach, this study uses multiple linear regression methods and cross-section data in 2023 from various cities/districts. The model was tested through a classical assumption test and yielded an R² determination value of 0.884, which suggests that the combination of GOS variables and the number of vehicles explains most of the APSI variations. The t-test results showed that GOS had a significant negative effect on APSI (β = -0.231; p < 0.05), while the number of vehicles had a significant positive effect (β = 0.402; p < 0.01), which supports the hypothesis that vegetation reduces pollution and motor vehicles increase it. The novelty of this study lies in the use of APSI not simply as an environmental indicator, but as a quantitative representation of negative externalities within the framework of environmental economics, as well as in the simultaneous incorporation of two major structural variables in a national model that was previously rarely used. In addition, this research fills a gap in the literature that has so far only used a simple regression method or focused on one determinant variable without testing the comprehensive relationship with APSI. This study recommends motor vehicle control policies and GOS optimization as a strategy to mitigate negative externalities, and suggests further research using spatial or longitudinal data with additional variables such as industrial emissions and meteorological conditions.
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