Analysis of Air Quality Index Based on Traffic Load and Proportion of Green Open Space in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65886/ijde.v1i4.49Keywords:
Externalities, Air Quality Index, Number of Motor Vehicles, Proportion of Green Open Space, 50 Major Cities in IndonesiaAbstract
The rapid development of urbanization in Indonesia has triggered air quality degradation, mainly caused by an increase in the number of motor vehicles (JKB) and a decrease in green open spaces (RTH) in urban areas. This study aims to analyze the effect of the number of motor vehicles and the proportion of RTH on the Air Quality Index (AQI) in 50 major cities in Indonesia. The main issue addressed is the spatial inequality of air quality, caused by anthropogenic pressures and the low ecological capacity of major cities. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a cross-sectional approach and the integration of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory in the Indonesian spatial context, which is still rarely applied in similar empirical studies. The method used is multiple linear regression with a robust approach, based on secondary data from IQAir Indonesia, BPS, and relevant ministries. The analysis results show that the number of motor vehicles has a significant positive effect on AQI values, reflecting a decline in air quality. Conversely, the proportion of green space shows a significant negative effect on AQI, meaning that the more extensive the green space, the better the air quality. The model explains 87.6% of the variation in AQI between regions. These findings support the relevance of the EKC in the urban context of Indonesia and emphasize the urgency of controlling negative externalities from the transportation sector. This study concludes that sustainable urban planning must synergize vehicle emission reduction strategies with green space expansion to improve air quality, protect public health, and support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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